进入90年代以来,在日本经济长期不景气,泡沫经济后遗症久治不愈,日圆一时升值过高,民间企业对亚洲各国的直接投资迅速增长的背景下,日本的科技发展情况出现了一些新的变化,现在从企业和政府两个方面,对这些变化进行分析和介绍。 一、民间企业支出的研究经费有所下降,应用开发研究的比重增加。 民间企业支出的研究经费在日本全国科技研究经费中占大约80％,而1992和1993年民间企业的研究经费连续两年减少(1993年度比上年减少4.2％),与过去几乎每年以10％的速度增长的情况形成鲜明对照。对于民间企业来说,研究经费出现负增长是日本自开始统计民 Since the 1990s, with the long-term economic downturn in Japan, the sequel to the bubble economy, the temporary appreciation of the yen and the rapid growth of direct investment by non-governmental enterprises in various Asian countries, some new changes have taken place in Japan's technological development. Now, From both business and government, these changes are analyzed and introduced. First, the research funding for private enterprise expenditure has declined, and the proportion of applied research and development increased. Research funding for private sector expenditures accounted for about 80% of Japan's national funding for scientific and technological research. In 1992 and 1993, research funding for private sector enterprises declined for two consecutive years (in 1993, a decrease of 4.2% from the previous year), compared with almost 10% The speed of growth in stark contrast. For private enterprises, the negative growth of research funding is Japan's statistics since the beginning