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目的了解急诊外科创伤患者的流行病学特征,为提高创伤急救水平与预防提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析医院急诊外科2010年-2015年救治的1487例创伤住院患者的临床资料,从性别、年龄、创伤外因、创伤时间及主要损伤部位等方面进行统计分析。结果急诊创伤患者1487例,其中男性1125例,女性362例,男女比例为3.11:1;创伤外因前10位依次为交通事故(43.11%)、跌倒(23.67%)、他伤(14.66%)、机械伤(6.72%)、锐器伤(3.56%)、动物咬伤(2.67%)、撞击伤(2.35%)、钝器伤(1.01%)、电击伤(0.54%)、气道异物(0.40%);急诊创伤患者损伤部位以头颅、胸部、腹部及四肢及脊柱为主,不同创伤外因导致的主要损伤部位分布不同;创伤发生时间以夏季(6月-8月)及冬季(11月-12月和1月-2月)为主。结论交通事故和跌倒是主要的致伤原因,政府和医疗机构应根据其特征采取针对性的防治措施,加强意外创伤事件的防控,以降低意外创伤的危害。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of emergency surgical trauma patients and provide reference for improving the level of trauma emergency and prevention. Methods The clinical data of 1,487 hospitalized trauma patients hospitalized in emergency department of the hospital from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The gender, age, external cause of trauma, time of trauma and the main injury sites were analyzed statistically. Results The number of emergency trauma patients was 1487, including 1125 males and 362 females, the ratio of males to females was 3.11: 1. The top 10 trauma patients were traffic accidents (43.11%), falls (23.67%), injuries (14.66%), Mechanical injuries (6.72%), sharp injuries (3.56%), animal bites (2.67%), impact injuries (2.35%), blunt trauma (1.01%), electric shocks (0.54% %); The main injury sites of emergency trauma patients were head, chest, abdomen and limbs and spine. The distribution of the main injury sites caused by different wounds was different. The trauma occurred in summer (June-August) and winter (November- December and January-February). Conclusions Traffic accidents and falls are the main causes of injury. Government and medical institutions should take targeted prevention and control measures according to their characteristics to enhance the prevention and control of accidental trauma so as to reduce the risk of accidental trauma.