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西方人力资本思想源远流长,不过,现代人力资本理论的重要基础——劳动价值论,则是古典政治经济学的重要功绩。劳动价值论关于人的经济价值等方面的探讨为现代人力资本理论提供了重要的思想来源。劳动价值论曾经把人置于主体地位,然而到了新古典经济学那里,却把人当作了要素人,失去了人的主体地位。从20世纪60年代开始,人本主义经济学的出现可以看作是一种纠正。而在马克思主义政治经济学的理论体系中,人始终处于主体地位,反映出该理论体系的高明之处。
The idea of human capital in the West has a long history, however, the important foundation of modern human capital theory - labor theory of value, is an important merit of classical political economy. The discussion of labor value theory about human economic value provides an important source of thought for modern human capital theory. Labor theory of value once put people in the dominant position, but neoclassical economics, however, treats people as key people and loses their dominant position. Since the 1960s, the appearance of humanistic economics can be regarded as a kind of correction. However, in the theoretical system of Marxist political economy, people always stand in the dominant position, which reflects the cleverness of the theoretical system.