骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)是一组由于造血干细胞突变而引起的恶性克隆增殖性疾病 ,以骨髓无效造血、三系细胞减少和形态异常为特征。近年来 ,随着对MDS认识的深入及诊断标准的完善 ,儿童患者有增多趋势。与此同时 ,人们对MDS的治疗也进行了各种探索 ,但迄今为止 ,MDS的疗效仍不 Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of malignant clonal proliferative diseases caused by mutations in hematopoietic stem cells characterized by ineffective bone marrow hematopoiesis, diminution of neutrophils and morphological abnormalities. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of MDS and the improvement of diagnostic criteria, there is an increasing trend of pediatric patients. At the same time, various treatments for MDS have been explored, but so far the efficacy of MDS has not yet