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长期以来,国家对国有资产的实物管理和对企业经济活动的直接控制,不仅造成高耗低效和浪费惊人的状况,而且使国有资产成为难以重组、缺乏价值增殖机制的死资本。如果说10年改革在其它领域取得了一些突破性的进展的话,那么在国有制改革方面却步履艰难。我国国有企业的情况非常复杂:其一,国有企业数量占全部企业总数的绝大部分,企业规模相差悬殊。其二,国有企业分布领域甚广,技术水平相差极大。其三,国有企业在国民经济中的地位和作用相差极大。与发达国家和其他发展中国家国有企业相比,国营企业覆盖面大、经营范围广、资产存置不可调整、国有资产缺乏人格化的代表,是我国国有企业的基本特征。这些特征有些是由于具体国情和经济发展所选择的特殊发展道路所带来的后续的或连带的结果,但更为主要的原因则是几十年来,人们一味地追求
For a long time, the state’s physical management of state-owned assets and the direct control of its economic activities have not only caused an astonishing situation of high consumption, low efficiency, and waste, but also made state-owned assets a dead capital that is difficult to reorganize and lacks a value proliferation mechanism. If we say that the reforms in the past 10 years have made some breakthroughs in other areas, then we are struggling with the reform of the state-owned economy. The situation of state-owned enterprises in our country is very complicated: First, the number of state-owned enterprises accounts for most of the total number of all enterprises, and the scale of enterprises varies widely. Second, the distribution of state-owned enterprises is very wide, and the level of technology varies greatly. Third, the status and role of state-owned enterprises in the national economy differ greatly. Compared with state-owned enterprises in developed countries and other developing countries, the state-owned enterprises’ basic characteristics are large coverage of state-owned enterprises, wide business scope, non-adjustable asset reserves, and lack of personification of state-owned assets. Some of these features are the results of follow-up or joint development brought about by the specific development path chosen by the specific national conditions and economic development, but the more important reason is that people have been pursuing blindly for decades.