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目的了解和田地区60岁以上老人饮食习惯、饮食结构、生活环境与健康长寿的关系。方法对和田地区洛浦县、墨玉县、和田县(以下简称3个县)与对照县(吐鲁番县)60岁以上维吾尔族老人的营养状况进行问卷调查,了解各类主食的摄入量,并对当地的环境因素[包括气温(℃)、气压(mmHg)、气湿(R%)、气流(s/m)和噪声(Leq,dBA)]进行测定比较。结果 (1)和田地区3个县与对照县老人摄入营养素的比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与每日建议量标准(RDA)比较,平均每人每日男性和女性的碳水化合物的摄入量均低于参考标准,其它各种营养素的摄入量均高于参考标准。(2)和田地区3个县与对照县老人玫瑰酱、蜂蜜、巴旦木、缩可马克摄入量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而瓜子、葡萄干、枸杞子摄入量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)和田地区3个县与对照县室内气温(℃)、气压(mmHg)、气湿(R%)、气流(s/m)和噪声(Leq,dBA),测定结果之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新疆和田地区60岁以上老人的健康长寿与合理的饮食结构、饮食习惯、生活环境与居住环境等因素有关。
Objective To understand the relationship between eating habits, dietary structure, living environment, health and longevity of the elderly over 60 in Hetian area. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the nutritional status of Uighur elderly over the age of 60 in Luopu County, Moyu County, Hetian County (hereinafter referred to as 3 counties) and the control county (Turpan County) in Hetian, to understand the intake of various staple foods, The local environmental factors [including temperature (℃), air pressure (mmHg), air humidity (R%), air flow (s / m) and noise (Leq, dBA) were measured and compared. Results (1) There was no significant difference in nutrient intake among the elderly in 3 counties and Wuda counties in Wada (P> 0.05). Compared with the daily recommended level (RDA), the average daily intake of male and female Carbohydrate intake were lower than the reference standard, the intake of various other nutrients are higher than the reference standard. (2) There were significant differences in the intake of rose sauce, honey, bardan and crozak for the elderly in three counties of Hetian County and those in the control county (P <0.05), while the differences in intake of seeds, raisins and medlar No statistical significance (P> 0.05). (3) The difference between indoor air temperature (℃), air pressure (mmHg), air humidity (R%), airflow (s / m) and noise (Leq, dBA) Statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusion The health and longevity of the elderly over 60 in Hetian area are related to reasonable dietary structure, eating habits, living environment and living environment.