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四、六级英语对话听力测试部分一般是15个小题,由A和B两部分组成。第一部分通常是8个对话,每个对话设一个小题,要求同学们根据对话内容从四个选项中选择正确答案。第二部分为两篇长对话，每个长对话之后会有3至4道题，共7个小题。对话部分试题题材多为人们熟悉的交际场合中的一般话题，对话用的是口语体，语言简练，句型丰富，有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、省略句等。听力对话主要分成计算型、地点型、关系型、推论型、含蓄型等。由于此部分位于整套试卷的最前面，因此其完成的程度与质量都直接影响着考生的情绪和心态。对话听力主要测试以下听力技能：
（1）辨别语流中的音素；（2）辨别重音类型；（3）理解婉诉祈使句的声调，理解表达不确定、疑问句、陈述句的升调以及反意疑问句的语调；（4）理解句子和话语的交际价值；（5）通过声音的高低、快慢，辨认语篇中的要点和主要信息；（6）作准确的判断；（7）做笔记。
考生要想在四、六级英语听力对话部分取得高分，必须掌握对话题型的命题规律和测试重点：
地点、方向题：根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四、六级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：
(1)根据信息词设题
W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?
M: So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away.
Q: Where are the two speakers?
A. In a hotel.B. At a dinner table.
C. In the street.D. At the man’ s house.
该题通过hungry和menu来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择B,其实,本题所借助的信息词是room service和320这个房间号,答案是A。
(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题
有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时,一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：
M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend?
W: He’ ll be supposed to, but he won’ t be back from his trip until the next week.
Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday?
A. At the party B. At home
C. Still on his tripD. Back from his trip.
本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为C。
职业、身份题：根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四、六级听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：
(1)说话者的身份或职业
根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：
W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. I’ m with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M: Not at all. Go ahead, please.
Q: What is Susan Gray?
A. A writer. B.A teacher. C.A reporter. D.A student.
由local newspaper可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。
(2)说话双方之间的关系
该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份,问题经常是What’ s the relationship between the two speakers?
W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M: I’ ll call you when it’ s ready. But it shouldn’ t take longer than a week.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Librarian and student.B.Operator and caller.
C.Boss and secretary. D.Customer and repairman.
既然女士让男的fix my watch,说明对方是repairman,而自己是customer。从以上可以看出,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然,要判断双方的关系,还可以从说话的方式入手。如：
M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.
W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.
Q:What’ s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and secretary.B. Lawyer and client.
C. Teacher and student.D. Nurse and patient.
两人间说话的语气和方式表明是“老板与秘书”的关系。
计算题：计算题在四、六级英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如：
W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.
M: Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons.
Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend?
A. Five lessons.B. Three lessons.
C. Twelve lessonsD. Fifteen lessons.
这是最简单的计算题,只要同学们不将答案误认为是C或D,就不会出错。
从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。
推理判断题：推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看,大体有以下几种：
(1)对虚拟语气的考查
包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有“是与非”相对的选项,这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：
W: If it hadn’ t been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o’ clock.
M: It’ s too bad you didn’ t make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you.
Q: What happened to the woman?
A.She got home before 9 o’ clock. B.She had a bad cold.
C.She had a car accident. D.She was delayed.
说明因为雪太大,说话者未能在9点前到家。也就是说she was delayed。
(2)对建议的考查
建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正确选项。如：
W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it.
M: How about moving the old dinning table to the kitchen？
Q: What does the man suggest they should do?
A. Finding a larger room.B. Sell the old table.
C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.
根据moving the dining table to the kitchen来判断答案为D。
(3)对话题的考查
话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括能力。如：
W: Do you want a day course or an evening course?
M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
Q: What are they talking about?
A. The choice of courses.B. A day course.
C. An evening course. D. Their work.
两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课,由此可以判断答案应该是A。
（4)对隐含意思的考查
四、六级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式，也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。如：
M: What do you think of Professor Brown’ s lecture?
W: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.
Q: What does the woman say about the lecture?
A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.
B. It was not as easy as she had expected.
C. It was as difficult as she had expected.
D. It was interesting and easy to follow.
与much more difficult to follow than I had expected同义的应该是B。
甘肃兰州商学院外语学院
（1）辨别语流中的音素；（2）辨别重音类型；（3）理解婉诉祈使句的声调，理解表达不确定、疑问句、陈述句的升调以及反意疑问句的语调；（4）理解句子和话语的交际价值；（5）通过声音的高低、快慢，辨认语篇中的要点和主要信息；（6）作准确的判断；（7）做笔记。
考生要想在四、六级英语听力对话部分取得高分，必须掌握对话题型的命题规律和测试重点：
地点、方向题：根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四、六级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：
(1)根据信息词设题
W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?
M: So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away.
Q: Where are the two speakers?
A. In a hotel.B. At a dinner table.
C. In the street.D. At the man’ s house.
该题通过hungry和menu来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择B,其实,本题所借助的信息词是room service和320这个房间号,答案是A。
(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题
有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时,一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：
M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend?
W: He’ ll be supposed to, but he won’ t be back from his trip until the next week.
Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday?
A. At the party B. At home
C. Still on his tripD. Back from his trip.
本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为C。
职业、身份题：根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四、六级听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：
(1)说话者的身份或职业
根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：
W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. I’ m with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M: Not at all. Go ahead, please.
Q: What is Susan Gray?
A. A writer. B.A teacher. C.A reporter. D.A student.
由local newspaper可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。
(2)说话双方之间的关系
该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份,问题经常是What’ s the relationship between the two speakers?
W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M: I’ ll call you when it’ s ready. But it shouldn’ t take longer than a week.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Librarian and student.B.Operator and caller.
C.Boss and secretary. D.Customer and repairman.
既然女士让男的fix my watch,说明对方是repairman,而自己是customer。从以上可以看出,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然,要判断双方的关系,还可以从说话的方式入手。如：
M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.
W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.
Q:What’ s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and secretary.B. Lawyer and client.
C. Teacher and student.D. Nurse and patient.
两人间说话的语气和方式表明是“老板与秘书”的关系。
计算题：计算题在四、六级英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如：
W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.
M: Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons.
Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend?
A. Five lessons.B. Three lessons.
C. Twelve lessonsD. Fifteen lessons.
这是最简单的计算题,只要同学们不将答案误认为是C或D,就不会出错。
从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。
推理判断题：推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看,大体有以下几种：
(1)对虚拟语气的考查
包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有“是与非”相对的选项,这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：
W: If it hadn’ t been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o’ clock.
M: It’ s too bad you didn’ t make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you.
Q: What happened to the woman?
A.She got home before 9 o’ clock. B.She had a bad cold.
C.She had a car accident. D.She was delayed.
说明因为雪太大,说话者未能在9点前到家。也就是说she was delayed。
(2)对建议的考查
建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正确选项。如：
W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it.
M: How about moving the old dinning table to the kitchen？
Q: What does the man suggest they should do?
A. Finding a larger room.B. Sell the old table.
C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.
根据moving the dining table to the kitchen来判断答案为D。
(3)对话题的考查
话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括能力。如：
W: Do you want a day course or an evening course?
M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
Q: What are they talking about?
A. The choice of courses.B. A day course.
C. An evening course. D. Their work.
两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课,由此可以判断答案应该是A。
（4)对隐含意思的考查
四、六级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式，也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。如：
M: What do you think of Professor Brown’ s lecture?
W: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.
Q: What does the woman say about the lecture?
A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.
B. It was not as easy as she had expected.
C. It was as difficult as she had expected.
D. It was interesting and easy to follow.
与much more difficult to follow than I had expected同义的应该是B。
甘肃兰州商学院外语学院