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土壤分离是土壤坡面侵蚀产沙的必要途径和重要过程,准确预测土壤分离过程对完善土壤侵蚀物理模型具有重要意义。利用钢制变坡冲刷水槽,在不同坡度(8.8%～46.6%)和流量(0.2～1.0L/s)组合下,研究了第四纪粘土发育红壤分离速率与流量、坡度以及水流剪切力、水流功率、单位水流功率3种水动力参数的关系。研究结果表明红壤分离速率是流量、坡度的幂函数,且坡度和单宽流量的多元回归方程能准确预测土壤分离速率(R2=0.966);水流剪切力、水流功率和单位水流功率3个水动力参数指标与土壤分离率均呈线性关系,相关系数R2分别为0.950、0.965和0.849,水流功率是描述土壤分离速率最为确切的水动力参数;描述红壤分离速率的相关水蚀因子方程类型和前人研究结果相同,但表征土壤可蚀性的系数值相差较大。
Soil separation is a necessary and important process for soil erosion and sediment yield. Accurately predicting the soil separation process is of great significance to improve the physical model of soil erosion. Using steel slope-changing scouring trough, the separation rate and flow rate, slope gradient and flow-shear force of red soil in Quaternary clay were studied under different slope (8.8% -46.6%) and flow rate (0.2-1.0L / s) , Water flow power, unit water flow power of three kinds of hydrodynamic parameters. The results showed that the red soil separation rate was a power function of flow rate and slope, and the multiple regression equation of slope and single-wide flow rate could accurately predict the soil separation rate (R2 = 0.966); water shear force, water flow power and unit water flow power The correlation coefficients R2 were 0.950, 0.965 and 0.849, respectively. The water flow power was the most accurate hydrodynamic parameter to describe the soil separation rate. The type of water erosion factor equation describing the separation rate of red soil was similar to that of the former The results are the same, but the values of coefficients that characterize soil erodibility vary greatly.