“非应用实体”(NPE)不生产任何真正的产品,他们的业务模式主要是通过诉讼来实体公司缴纳专利费。科技业界及服务于科技业界的知识产权从业者普遍对NPE怀有敌意。他们认为NPE不利于科技企业的发展,通过启动法律程序来收取专利费的做法也抬高了最终消费者的支付水平。全球NPE有很多,无疑高智和RPX是其中的佼佼者。NPE的出现,正是为了满足降低专利交易(维权)费用的社会需求。他们通过构建专利组合,降低专利的非系统性风险。专利许可的加强意味着一些技术使用人被赶出市场,这会导致市场结构更加趋近于垄断市场而非自由市场,产品价格上升。如果说NPE滥用专利权的行为增加了社会成本,那么应该被责怪的是制度本身。NPE对社会的危害,来自于它对这些制度问题的综合性运用。 “NPE ” does not produce any real products, their business model is mainly through litigation to pay the royalties of the substantive company. Intellectual property practitioners in the technology industry and serving the technology industry are generally hostile to NPE. They argue that NPE is not conducive to the development of technology companies, and patent fees through legal proceedings also raise the level of end-consumer payment. There are a lot of NPEs around the world, no doubt smart and RPX is one of the best. The emergence of NPEs is precisely to meet the social needs of reducing the costs of patent transactions (rights protection). They reduce the unsystematic risk of patents by building a patent portfolio. The increase in patent licensing means that some users of technology are driven out of the market, which leads to the market structure getting closer to the monopoly rather than the free market and the price of the product rises. If NPE abuse of patent rights increases social costs, the system itself should be blamed. NPE’s harm to society comes from its comprehensive application of these institutional issues.