閱读理解题的设题可归纳为以下四大题型：1. 事实细节题;2. 猜测词义题;3. 推理判断题;4. 主旨大意题。根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。本期笔者就推理判断题谈一些应试技巧。
　　推理判断题分类：推理判断的题目中常含有infer， imply等词。
　　1. 推断隐含意义
　　It can be inferred from the text that .
　　The story indicates that .
　　标志性词语：infer， indicate， suggest， imply， conclude...
　　2. 推断作者观点或态度
　　What does the author think of ？
　　Whats the authors attitude toward ？
　　In the authors opinion， .
　　标志性词语：according to the writer， attitude， think， opinion， consider...
　　3. 推断写作目的
　　What is the authors main purpose in this passage？
　　In the passage the author wants to tell .
　　The article is intended to .
　　标志性词语：purpose， intend to， show， want...
　　4. 推断文章出处
　　Where would this passage most probably appear？
　　The passage is most likely a part of .
　　标志性词语：be taken from， appear， a part of， be taken out of ...
　　5. 推断人物的观点、情感、品性
　　Sb. thinks that .
　　What do we know / learn about sb. in the text？
　　How did... feel about...？
　　标志性词语：attitude， learn from， know from， feel about ...
　　6. 推断读者对象或文章的作者
　　Who probably wrote the letter？
　　Who is the passage written for？
　　Who are the intended readers of the passage？
　　标志性词语：the intended reader， writer， author...
　　7. 推断作者的情感
　　How does the author feel about ？
　　The writer probably feels that .
　　标志性词语：feel， feel about...
　　干扰项的特点：1. 将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项;2. 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。
　　解题方法：1. 判断推理要以文中事实为依据;2. 不能将文中已经阐明的事实作为自己的推断;3. 杜绝仅凭个人的看法主观臆断。
　　技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。 如：
　　1. This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was， and is also a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough childfree time to work. Later， when my mother is in the bathroom， I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough， on the back of the smallest one， are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years， rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard， invisible （看不到的） exhibits at every meal.
　　What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
　　A. The mother is successful in her career.
　　B. The family members like traveling.
　　C. The author had little time to play when young. 　　D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.
　　答案：A。推理判斷题。根据最后一段的第一句This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was， and is also a gifted mathematician. 推断。
　　2. Duret， an engineer on vacation， was walking with his girlfriend along the pier （码头） when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll， but realized it was a child when he approached the river. In an instant， he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
　　Why was Duret in New York？
　　A. To meet his girlfriend.
　　B. To work as an engineer.
　　C. To spend his holiday.
　　D. To visit the Andersons.
　　答案：C。推理判断题。根据第五自然段的首句可知本题选C。
　　3. Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her， said Duret， who was handed dry clothes from cookers. Duret caught a train with his girlfriend shortly after.
　　The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didnt realize his tale of heroism he was leaving the next morning .
　　When was duret most probably found to be the very hero？
　　A. The day when he was leaving for home.
　　B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued.
　　C. The first day when he was in New York.
　　D. The same day when he was interviewed.
　　答案：B。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二自然段可以推断出本题选B。
　　不管怎么考，万变不离其宗，解题时你会觉得胸有成竹，一分不失，下面的题目你也来试试吧。
　　小试牛刀
　　1. Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadnt been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed， the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
　　What might be the cause of the childrens sickness？
　　A. The crops didnt do well.
　　B. There were too many insects.
　　C. The visits brought in diseases.
　　D. The pesticides were overused.
　　2. Now， the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
　　What can we infer from the last sentence of the text？
　　A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
　　B. Health is more important than money.
　　C. The harmony between man and nature is important.
　　D. Good old day will never be forgotten.
　　3. In the California study， children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. 　　While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores， it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms.
　　What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？
　　A. More time should be spent on computers.
　　B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.
　　C. IV sets shouldnt be allowed in childrens bedrooms.
　　D. Further studies on highachieving students should be done.
　　4. Human beings， as biologists have suggested， possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms. However， people， especially in big cities， often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren， it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters from television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology， a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants， insects， birds， and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction （交互） with the world around us， and sometimes even with our families and friends， we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.
　　What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3？
　　A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.
　　B. The world around us could serve as a source of wonder.
　　C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.
　　D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.
　　5. The chainlink fencing and the bulldozers did their work. Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings. Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction. The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again. Sometimes I wonder， though， what changes another drought would make in the way things are today.
　　The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came， .
　　A. the situation would be much worse
　　B. people would have to desert their homes
　　C. the city would be fully prepared in advance
　　D. the city would have to redevelop the neighborhood
　　參考答案及解析
　　1. B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed， the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases. 可以推断出庄稼收成不好、孩子生病与青蛙减少、害虫增多有关。
　　2. C。推理判断题。最后一句These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning. 现在夜晚的这些声音具有更深刻的意义。该句是一个总结句，说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡，由此也影响了人类，因此，可以推断人与自然的和谐是多么的重要。
　　3. C。推理判断题。注意最后一段开头的while是“尽管”的意思，所以这两段都是围绕儿童卧室不应该放电视机的问题。
　　4. B。推理判断题。Without modern technology， a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants， insects， birds， and animals. 这句话告诉我们，如果没有现代技术，即使一个小小的池塘也能成为一个令人惊异的世界。从而我们可以推测出我们现实世界也是很美丽的，也是一切奇迹产生的根源。
　　5. A。推理判断题。最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的变化，变得更加拥挤了。从而作者有了另一种思考：如果再来一次干旱，是否会造成如这次干旱一样的一些变化。从而可推测作者是隐射环境会变得更加糟糕。
　　（作者：毛春霞，江苏省泰州市第三高级中学）