本文着眼于柯亨的《如果你是平等主义者,为何如此富有?》一书,考察其中对传统马克思主义道德论证匮乏的原因及出路的分析,进而解读其对罗尔斯社会基本结构论题的批判。柯亨认为,道德论证的缺失不仅是传统马克思主义研究的症结所在,也是导致社会主义运动出现困境的重要原因,而对个体美德与正义风尚的忽视是以罗尔斯为代表的自由主义的重大疏漏。柯亨对平等主义道德思想的阐释,不仅为沟通当代道德和政治哲学的不同理路作出了示范,也为讨论马克思主义和自由主义的正义问题提供了指引。更为重要的是,正是由于像柯亨这样的学者对平等理想的坚守,让我们在这个信仰缺失、责任匮乏的时代依然能够感受到弥足珍贵的希望。因此,探寻柯亨的思想内涵具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 This article focuses on Cohen’s book, “If You Are egalitarian, Why Are We Rich?”, Examining the reasons for the lack of moral proof of traditional Marxism and the way out, and then interpreting the basic structure of Rawls’s social structure criticism. Cohen believes that the absence of moral argument is not only the crux of traditional Marxism but also the major cause of the predicament of the socialist movement. The neglect of individual virtues and just morals is of great importance in liberalism represented by Rawls Omission. Cohen’s interpretation of the egalitarian moral thought not only provided a model for the different paths of communication between contemporary morality and political philosophy, but also provided guidance for discussing the issues of justice of Marxism and liberalism. More importantly, it is precisely because such scholars as Cohen adhere to the ideal of equality that we can still cherish precious hope in an era of lack of faith and lack of responsibility. Therefore, to explore Cohen’s ideological content has important theoretical and practical significance.