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社会企业已经成为西方社会第三部门发展的新议题。通过组织形态与行为内容的创新,社会企业为社会与市场之间的关系构建了新的互动逻辑,也改变了政府与第三部门之间的相互关系。然而,欧美国家在宏观背景相似的前提下,因制度框架的不同衍变产生了差异性的社会企业发展格局。本文通过梳理欧美社会企业发展的轨迹变化,发现不同环境中的社会企业如何受到相关法律、制度的影响,从而导致了不同国家社会企业发展中的异同。在此基础上,进一步通过研究意大利社会合作社与其他类型社会企业的差异性发展格局,考察制度变迁对第三部门形态变迁的影响。通过比较研究,发现第三部门与本土化之间的内嵌性及意义。
Social enterprise has become a new issue for the development of the third sector in western society. Through the innovation of organizational forms and behavioral contents, social enterprises have established new interactive logic for the relationship between society and the market, and have also changed the interrelationship between the government and the third sector. However, on the premise of similar macroeconomic background, the European and American countries have had different social enterprise development patterns due to the different evolution of the institutional framework. By combing the trajectory changes in the development of social enterprises in Europe and the United States, this article finds out how social enterprises in different environments are affected by relevant laws and regulations, which leads to similarities and differences in the development of social enterprises in different countries. On this basis, we further study the influence of institutional changes on the transformation of the third sector by studying the different development patterns of Italian social cooperatives and other types of social enterprises. Through comparative study, we found the embeddedness and significance between the third sector and localization.