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天然免疫系统作为机体的第一道防线,会采取多种措施应对病毒对神经系统的感染。天然免疫细胞有多种识别病原体相关分子模式的途径,这种识别的结果一般是Ⅰ型干扰素、炎症因子、趋化因子的产生。这种结果一般会减缓病毒感染的过程并降低感染对机体的负面效应,但有时天然免疫的信号通路会被病毒利用,导致侵染的加剧。Ⅰ型干扰素对干扰素刺激基因的激活会导致显著的抗病毒效应。天然免疫受体和产物在神经系统和非神经系统中存在差异性表达和效应。对于不可再生的神经细胞,免疫系统一般用温和的效应对抗病毒感染。
As the first line of defense of the body, the natural immune system will take various measures to cope with the virus’s infection of the nervous system. Natural immune cells have a variety of pathways to identify molecular patterns of pathogens, the recognition of the results are generally type I interferon, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines. This result generally slows the process of viral infection and reduces the negative effects of the infection on the body, but sometimes the innate immune signaling pathway is exploited by the virus, leading to increased infection. Activation of interferon-stimulated genes by type I interferons results in significant antiviral effects. Natural immune receptors and products have differential expression and effect in both nervous and non-nervous systems. For non-regenerative nerve cells, the immune system generally treats viral infections with mild effects.