流行性斑疹伤寒在北方是一种较常见的、由普氏立克次体引起、以人虱为传播媒介的急性传染病。临床上以发热、皮疹、头痛、肝脾肿大为主要表现，治疗的关键在于早期明确诊断。但部分患者可伴有中枢神经系统异常、肾脏受损及其他系统损害，使其临床表现复杂化，误诊误治较多。１ Epidemic typhus is a more common form of acute typhus in the North that is caused by Platanus Rickettsiae and is transmitted by human lice as an acute infectious disease. Clinical fever, rash, headache, hepatosplenomegaly as the main performance, treatment is the key to early diagnosis. However, some patients may be accompanied by central nervous system abnormalities, renal damage and other system damage, making their clinical manifestations complicated, misdiagnosis and mistreatment more. 1