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为探究除草剂对土壤微生物的毒性效应,以土壤微生物的呼吸强度和氮转化作为检测指标,分别考察了甲嘧磺隆和炔草酯对红壤、棕壤和潮土中微生物呼吸强度的影响以及对潮土氮转化的影响。结果表明:将供试农药以田间推荐剂量、10倍推荐剂量和100倍推荐剂量施入土壤15 d后,甲嘧磺隆对棕壤微生物表现为呼吸强度抑制作用,对潮土为促进作用,而红壤中除10倍推荐剂量处理组表现出抑制作用外其余两组均表现出促进作用;炔草酯会抑制红壤和棕壤中微生物的呼吸强度,但会促进潮土中微生物的呼吸强度。氮转化试验结果表明:以田间推荐剂量和5倍推荐剂量施入潮土后,甲嘧磺隆在7、14、28、42、56和70 d均能显著促进其硝酸盐含量;炔草酯除28 d时田间推荐剂量处理组的硝酸盐含量显著高于对照组外,其余0、7、14和42 d硝酸盐含量与对照组相比均无显著差异。综上所述,两种除草剂对3种土壤类型微生物的呼吸强度为低毒,对潮土氮转化功能没有长期影响。
In order to explore the toxic effects of herbicides on soil microorganisms, the effects of sulfometuron and acenaphthanil on the respiration intensity of microorganisms in red soil, brown soil and alluvial soil were investigated respectively based on the respiration intensity and nitrogen conversion of soil microorganisms. Impact on Nitrogen Transform in Chao Soil. The results showed that sulfosulfuron could inhibit the respiration rate of brown soil microorganisms and promote the soil moisture at the recommended dose of pesticides 10 times the recommended dose and 100 times of the recommended dose. In addition, the red soil in addition to 10 times the recommended dose group showed inhibition of the other two groups showed a promotion role; Clodinaflunomide inhibition of red soil and brown soil microorganisms respiration intensity, but will promote the respiration intensity of microorganisms in the soil. The results of nitrogen transformation showed that the sulfosulfuron could promote the nitrate content significantly at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 d after applying the recommended dose of soil and 5 times of the recommended dose into the soils. Except for the 28th day, the nitrate content of the field recommended dose treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the other 0, 7, 14 and 42 days nitrate content had no significant difference compared with the control group. In conclusion, the respiration of the two herbicides on the three soil-type microorganisms is low-toxic and has no long-term effect on the conversion of upland nitrogen.