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人类社会需要制定伦理学准则来进行约束:①人与人之间的相互关系(准则1:种内关系),它决定着人们相互间怎样相处,如是否和睦共处,动用武力,关心青年一代等。②人与其它物种的关系(准则2:种间关系),它决定着人类如何对待其它物种,如是支配、掠夺它们,还是同等地对待等。在日常生活中这些准则通常是由人类所信仰的一些宗教文化所决定(如伊斯兰教、基督教、西方的唯物主义等),且不出我们的意料之外,大多数人强调的重点是准则1。有两种观念是探讨准则2的:①人类中心论(以人为宇宙万物的中心);②生物中心论(以自然界为中心)。西方社会曾偏向于人类为中心的态度——人
Human society needs to formulate ethical norms for restraint: ① Interpersonal relationships (Criterion 1: intra-species relations), which determine how people get along with each other, such as whether to live in harmony, use force, care for the younger generation, etc. . (2) The relationship between humans and other species (Criterion 2: Interspecific relations), which determines how humans treat other species, such as domination, looting, or equal treatment. In everyday life, these norms are usually determined by the religious beliefs of humankind (such as Islam, Christianity, western materialism, etc.), and beyond our expectations, the emphasis of most people is that guideline 1 . There are two kinds of ideas to explore Guideline 2: ① anthropocentrism (people as the center of the universe); ② biocentricism (nature as the center). Western society once favored a human-centered attitude - people