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先天性胎儿心血管畸形及妊娠并发症是围产儿死亡的重要原因之一,对这些疾病如能找到一种安全可靠的产前诊断方法,对优生优育具有重要意义.近年来多普勒超声诊断的进展,为胎儿心血管畸形及胎儿血管血流动力学研究提供了新的诊断手段,现将国外在这方面的研究进展综述如下.1 胎儿血循环的特点1.1 胎儿循环系统解剖特点:①胎儿一胎盘循环是构成周围血管阻力的主要来源,随着胎龄的增加,脐动脉平均动脉压上升,使胎儿一胎盘的血流不断增加.②血管通道由脐血管、静脉导管、动脉导管及卵圆孔组成.
Congenital fetal cardiovascular malformations and complications of pregnancy is one of the important causes of perinatal death, such as the disease can find a safe and reliable prenatal diagnosis of prenatal and postnatal care of great significance .In recent years, Doppler ultrasound diagnosis The progress of fetal cardiovascular malformations and fetal blood flow hemodynamic study provides a new diagnostic tool, now abroad in this regard the progress of research are summarized as follows.1 The characteristics of fetal blood circulation 1.1 Fetal circulatory system anatomical features: ① fetus Placental circulation is the main source of peripheral vascular resistance, with the increase of gestational age, umbilical artery mean arterial pressure increased, so that a fetus of the placenta increased blood flow.②Vascular access by umbilical blood vessels, intravenous catheters, ductus arteriosus and oval Hole composition.