肾脏作为人体内环境的主要调节器官 ,通过对血浆的滤过、重吸收和分泌等功能 ,排出尿液 ,清除蛋白代谢的最终产物 ,维持体内水电解质和酸碱平衡。人体在静息状态下 ,心输出量的 1/5被用来灌注仅占体重 0 5 %的肾脏(30 0 ｇ)。每克肾组织每分钟 4ｍＬ的血灌注量 ,远远超过身体 As the main organ of human body’s environment, the kidney discharges the urine through the functions of filtration, reabsorption and secretion of plasma, clears the final product of protein metabolism, and maintains the balance of aqueous electrolytes and acid-base in the body. At rest, one fifth of the cardiac output is used to infuse a kidney (30 0 g) weighing only 0.5% of body weight. 4mL per gram of kidney tissue per gram of blood perfusion, far more than the body