一、宏观环境有所改善,结构性矛盾更加突出1.上半年国民经济运行的宏观环境(1)今年以来,国家继续实行适度从紧的宏观调控政策,减少财政赤字、控制信贷规模、压缩基本建设,以及在经济适度增长的条件下,争取今年零售物价指数比去年有显著下降。(2)目前经济处于1991-1996年经济周期收缩期的最后阶段,企业更新改造的市场动力不足,而且政府严格控制固定资产投资规模及新开工项目,因此投资需求相对较弱。(3)国家较大幅度地调整了外贸政策:降低出口退税率和进口关税税率、取消出口信贷优惠等,这将使我国的外贸状况发生明显变化。(4)市场消费将更趋活跃。主要原因有:1995年农业大丰收,丰富和保证了市场供应;国家今年将提高粮食定购价格的信息进一步刺激了生产 I. Macroeconomic environment improved and structural contradictions become more prominent. 1. Macroeconomic environment for the national economy in the first half of the year (1) Since the beginning of this year, the state has continued to implement a moderately tight macro-control policy to reduce the fiscal deficit, control the scale of credit, Construction, and under the condition of moderate economic growth, to strive for a significant drop in the retail price index this year as compared with last year. (2) At present, the economy is in the final stage of contraction of the economic cycle in 1991-1996. There is not enough market power for business renovation and the government strictly controls the scale of investment in fixed assets and newly started projects. As a result, the investment demand is relatively weaker. (3) The state has adjusted its foreign trade policies drastically: lowering export tax rebate rates and import tariffs and abolishing export credit concessions, which will obviously change the situation of China’s foreign trade. (4) Market consumption will be more active. The main reasons are: a great bumper harvest of agriculture in 1995, which enriched and guaranteed the supply of markets; and the state’s information this year to increase the price of grain purchase further stimulated production