Background: Oxytocin (OXT) and its receptor (OXTR) is associated with cancer. The present study was to investigate the correlation between the genetic expression alterations of OXT and OXTR and the outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).Methods: Information regarding OXT and OXTR genetic alterations and changes in gene expression were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and analyzed using the cBioPortal online tool. We assessed the correlation of overall survival and disease/progression-free months to either OXT or OXTR genetic alterations and changes in gene expression using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression anal- yses. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted to assess the mRNA expression levels of OXT and OXTR in human PC cell lines. Results: Five percent of PC cases showed mRNA upregulation in the OXT gene. These PC cases also showed genetic alterations and changes in gene expression of OXTR . The median months of survival and disease- free survival were lower for PC cases with genetic alterations and changes in gene expression in the OXT and OXTR genes as compared to those without such alterations. qPCR data showed that OXT and OXTR mRNA expression were 1-fold and 10-fold higher, respectively in PANC-1 cell lines as compared to L3.6pl cell lines in direct negative correlation with responsiveness to gemcitabine. Conclusions: These data suggest that OXT and OXTR may potentially be important in PC progression, chemoresistance, and patient survival, and potentially could have prognostic and therapeutic implications in a subset of PC patients.