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坦克的问世开创了机械化地面战争的新纪元。第二次世界大战初期,轻型坦克因火力弱,防护性能差,其所承担的主要作战使命被中、重型坦克所取代。二战的实践证明,中型坦克需要火力与装甲防护力更强的重型坦克来支援。但由于当时技术发展水平有限,重型坦克增大火炮口径和装甲厚度,对其机动性产生严重影响,所以不能代替中型坦克进行有效的机动作战。二战后,英国人建议把中、重型坦克“合二而一”,研制一种能完成独立机动作战与支援步兵任务的“主要坦克”。到50年代,尽管苏、美、英、法等国仍继续发展中、重型坦克,但却已在酝酿“主要坦克”的变革,从而迎来了第一代主战坦克。
The advent of the tank created a new era of mechanized ground war. In the early days of World War II, light tanks were replaced by medium- and heavy-duty tanks because of their weak firepower and poor protective performance. The practice of World War II proved that medium-sized tanks need the support of heavy tanks with stronger firepower and armor protection. However, due to the limited level of technological development at that time, heavy tanks increased their caliber and armor thickness and had a serious impact on their mobility. Therefore, they can not replace medium-sized tanks for effective maneuvers. After World War II, the British suggested that “medium and heavy tanks should be combined into one” to develop a “major tank” capable of carrying out independent mobile operations and supporting infantry missions. By the 1950s, although the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France and other countries continued to develop medium- and heavy-duty tanks, they were already brewing “major tanks” and thus welcomed the first generation of main battle tanks.