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洞庭湖因君山之“神仙洞府之庭”而得名,它是全国的一大淡水湖,位于长江中游荆江南岸,跨湘鄂两省,总面积18,709平方公里,其中湖南部分15,200平方公里,现有天然水域(包括洪道面积)为3,998平方公里。洞庭湖是燕山运动所形成的地堑盆地,后几经抬升沉降,至新石器时代以后的先秦汉晋时期形成局部性小湖于君山等地,至东晋南朝之际,荆江南岸决口,洪水穿越沉降中华容,进入洞庭平原,干扰洞庭水系,使之由沼泽平原演变为汪洋浩渺的大湖景观。
Dongting Lake is named after “the court of immortal Dongfu” of Junshan. It is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the country. It is located on the south bank of the Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and covers an area of 18,709 square kilometers with a total area of 15,200 square kilometers There are 3,998 square kilometers of natural waters (including flood passage area). Dongting Lake is a graben basin formed by the Yanshan movement and uplift and subsidence after a few times. After the Neolithic period, the local small lakes formed in Junshan and other places during the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. As the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the Jingjiang River south bank broke through and the floods passed through the settlement Huarong, into the Dongting plain, interfere with the Dongting River system, so that the swamp plain evolved into vast ocean landscape.