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“解决问题”是美国数学教育界在20世纪80年代末提倡的口号,即认为应当以“解决问题”作为学校教学教育的中心。这一教学教育思想得到许多国家的积极响应,并将其深化和扩展。什么是解决问题和解决问题的能力呢?目前,国内对“解决问题”无统一的定义,但随着素质教育的全面推进,对小学生的“解决问题”可以理解为:学生在面对实际生活问题时,把已有的知识、技能和经验经过思维加工、综合运用和转化,达到未知目标的过程和方法,以及所表现出来的情感、态度、价值观。学生按照一定的目标,应用各种认知技能,经过一系列的思维操作过程,使问题得以解决的综合能力就是解决问题的能力。也可以说,解决问题的能力是“创新精神与实践能力”在学科教育领域的具体体现,是学生重要的数学学科素养。
“Solving Problems ” is the slogan advocated by the American mathematical education community in the late 1980s, that is, we should regard “solving problems” as the center of school teaching and education. This teaching and educational thought has been positively responded by many countries and has been deepened and expanded. What is the ability to solve problems and solve problems? At present, there is no uniform definition of “solving problems ” in China, but with the all-around promotion of quality education, the “problem-solving” for pupils can be understood as: In the face of real life problems, the existing knowledge, skills and experience through processing, integrated use and conversion, to reach the unknown goal of the process and methods, as well as the demonstrated feelings, attitudes, values. Students in accordance with certain goals, the application of a variety of cognitive skills, through a series of thinking process, the comprehensive ability to solve the problem is the ability to solve the problem. Can also be said that the ability to solve problems is “innovation and practical ability ” in the field of discipline education is a concrete manifestation of the students is an important mathematical discipline.