北京作为明清的都城,曾有坚固的城垣。中心是皇帝处理政务与居住的宫城,也称紫禁城。其外部有皇城。皇城以外有京城,也称内城。最外部还有一段城垣叫外城。因此,明清北京共有三层半城垣。这些城垣中的紫禁城至今完好无缺,其余各城垣随着岁月的推移,已经发生了很大变化。从劳动人民文化宫迤东到北京饭店迤西一带,从中山公 As the capital of Ming and Qing dynasties, Beijing had a solid urban wall. The center is Miyagi, the emperor’s government and residence, also known as the Forbidden City. The Imperial City outside. Imperial capital outside the capital, also known as the inner city. There are still some outside the city called the outer wall. Therefore, there are three layers of half-walls in Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Forbidden City in these walls has been intact so far, and the rest of the walls have undergone great changes as time goes by. From the Palace of Culture and Labor to the West Hotel Beijing area, from Zhongshan public