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分别用9种等氮等能的饲料投喂初始体质量为(34.72±0.28)g的大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)。其中1组投喂对照饲料(含50%鱼粉,不含豆粕),另外8个试验组分别投饲由去皮豆粕(DSM)、酶解豆粕(ESM)、发酵豆粕Ⅰ(FSMⅠ)和发酵豆粕Ⅱ(FSMⅡ)替代20%和40%的鱼粉的饲料,9组分别命名为FM、DSM20、DSM40、ESM20、ESM40、FSMⅠ20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20、FSMⅡ40。在海水浮式网箱中进行7周的养殖实验后,评定4种豆粕替代鱼粉的可行性及适宜替代水平。结果显示,试验组与对照组鱼存活率和特定生长率无显著差异(P>0.05)。血清生化指标显示,FM组和FSMⅡ20组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其它试验组(P<0.05),FM、DSM20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于DSM40、ESM20、ESM40及FSMⅠ20组(P<0.05),不同试验组的丙二醛(MDA)含量均不同程度高于对照组。酶解豆粕替代40%鱼粉导致实验鱼的血清对哈维氏弧菌的抵抗能力下降,去皮豆粕替代20%鱼粉导致血清对溶藻弧菌抵抗能力下降;但发酵豆粕不影响血清及黏液对3种菌的抵抗能力。研究表明,以特定生长率、饲料转化率和抗菌能力为评价指标,发酵豆粕是鱼粉的最佳替代源,发酵豆粕Ⅰ和Ⅱ均能替代20%~40%的鱼粉,但存在抗氧化能力下降的风险,尤其是发酵豆粕Ⅰ40%替代组;去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕替代鱼粉在抗菌能力和抗氧化能力方面无优势。
Nine species of equal nitrogen feed were fed on Pseudosciaena crocea with the initial body weight of (34.72 ± 0.28) g. One group fed the control diet (containing 50% fish meal without soybean meal), and the other eight groups were fed with a mixture of DSM, ESM, FSM I and fermented soybean meal Ⅱ (FSMⅡ) was used to replace 20% and 40% of the fishmeal feed. Nine groups were named FM, DSM20, DSM40, ESM20, ESM40, FSMⅠ20, FSMⅠ40, FSMⅡ20 and FSMⅡ40 respectively. After 7 weeks breeding experiment in seawater floating cage, the feasibility and appropriate level of substitution of 4 kinds of soybean meal for fishmeal were evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate and specific growth rate between experimental group and control group (P> 0.05). Serum biochemical parameters showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in FM group and FSMⅡ20 group were significantly higher than those in other experimental groups (P <0.05), and the activities of catalase (CAT) in FM, DSM20, FSMⅠ40 and FSMⅡ20 groups were significantly DSM40, ESM20, ESM40 and FSMⅠ20 (P <0.05). The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in different experimental groups were all higher than those in the control group. Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean meal instead of 40% of fish meal resulted in decreased resistance of the experimental fish to Vibrio harveyi and removal of 20% of the fish meal by peeled soybean meal resulted in a decrease of serum resistance to V. alginolyticus; however, fermented soybean meal did not affect serum and mucus Three kinds of bacteria resistance. The results showed that fermented soybean meal was the best alternative to fish meal with specific growth rate, feed conversion rate and antibacterial ability. Both fermented soybean meal I and Ⅱ could replace 20% -40% of fish meal, but there was a decrease in antioxidant capacity Especially the fermented soybean meal I40% substitution group; peeled soybean meal and enzymolysis soybean meal instead of fishmeal have no advantage in antibacterial ability and antioxidant capacity.