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风险社会中公司环境损害表现为大规模侵权,其与公司拟制“人”的特质结合,放大了公司在环境责任问题上的负外部性。现有的侵权法没有看到自然人和法人的不同特性,忽视了其组织伦理,无法有效地实现对资本权力的控制。不能仅仅立足于受害人损失弥补依侵权法加以规制,还应基于公司法的视角进行制度设计,引导公司主动在决策过程中考虑其环境责任。中国现行公司法未在清算阶段为公司终止后显现的环境侵权预留制度空间,加之董事对第三人责任的规范缺失,加剧了公司在环境问题上的道德风险。强化公司在普通清算程序中对未决和预期环境侵权债权的保护以及董事对公司环境侵权债权人的责任,从而形成倒逼机制,无疑是公司环境责任更好的实现进路。
Corporate environmental damage in a risky society is characterized by massive infringement, which is combined with the company’s proposed “people” trait to magnify the company’s negative externalities on environmental responsibility issues. The existing tort law does not see the different characteristics of natural and legal persons, neglects its organizational ethics, and can not effectively control the capital power. We should not only make the regulation based on the loss of the victim to make up for the tort law, but also design the system based on the perspective of company law to guide the company to consider its environmental responsibility initiatively in the decision-making process. The current company law in China does not reserve institutional space for the environmental infringement that appears after the termination of the company in the liquidation phase. Besides, the lack of norms governing the responsibility of the third party by the directors aggravates the company’s moral hazard on environmental issues. It is undoubtedly a better way to fulfill corporate environmental responsibility by strengthening the company’s protection of pending and expected environmental rights claims and directors’ responsibilities to corporate environmental rights creditors in ordinary liquidation procedures.