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在古代诗文中,有一种残缺的句子,上言不接下语,读者必须在意念上作些补充,才能理解,这称为“跳脱”句。跳脱句,骤然看来,文气不通顺,然而它的确能收到传神存真之效。在古汉语教学中,我们如果能时时注意研究这种语言现象,就不但可以帮助学生贯通文气,正确理解文意,而且可以使他们体会到作者语言运用的匠心,提高阅读古文的能力。跳脱一般有四种情况。或因语急,或因岔断,或因转折,或因议论。现在分述如下:
In ancient poetry, there is a kind of incomplete sentence. If you don’t read the next sentence, the reader must make some supplements in mind to understand it. This is called a “flip off” sentence. A jump-off sentence suddenly appears to be incapable of fluency, but it can indeed receive the effect of transmitting truth. In the teaching of ancient Chinese, if we can pay attention to studying this language phenomenon from time to time, it will not only help students to understand the language and understand the meaning of the text correctly, but also enables them to appreciate the ingenuity of the author’s language and improve their ability to read ancient Chinese. There are four general situations for a trip. Or because of hurry, or because of cut off, or because of a turning point, or because of argument. The breakdown is as follows: