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无线传感器网络所具有的集中式数据收集、多跳数据传输、多对一流量模式容易导致严重的包碰撞、网络拥塞、包丢失,同样也会导致能量消耗的热点出现,使某些节点甚至整个网络过早死亡。文中提出一种能耗均衡的数据收集算法,此算法按节点离基站的距离进行分层,根据中间节点的能量参数和通信开销建立到基站的多径路由,在数据收集过程中除了利用具有最小能耗的最优路径外还偶尔使用一些次优路径;为进一步减少节点能耗,算法还采用了数据聚合机制。分析和仿真结果表明,算法在很大程度上均衡了节点间能耗并延长了网络寿命。
Wireless sensor networks with centralized data collection, multi-hop data transmission, many-to-one traffic patterns easily lead to serious packet collision, network congestion, packet loss, also can lead to energy consumption hot spots, some nodes even the entire Network premature death. In this paper, an energy-efficient data collection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm divides the nodes by the distance from the base station, and establishes the multipath route to the base station based on the energy parameters and communication costs of the intermediate nodes. In addition to using the data collection method with the minimum The optimal path of energy consumption also occasionally uses some suboptimal paths. To further reduce the node energy consumption, the algorithm also uses a data aggregation mechanism. The analysis and simulation results show that the algorithm balances energy consumption between nodes and prolongs network lifetime to a great extent.