Neurodegeneration in the brain after ischemia with reperfusion mimicking the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease: Brain ischemia with reperfusion, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, triggers various neuropathological changes characteristic for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) such as increased blood-brain barrier permeability, excitotoxicity, necrosis, autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cerebral vessel pathology, and brain atrophy that lead to the death of neurons, deteriorating motor, sensory and cognitive functions (Figure 1) (Kato et al., 1988; Wisniewski et al., 1995; Van Groen et al., 2005; Kocki et al., 2015; U?amek-Kozio? et al., 2016, 2017, 2019). Brain ischemia is recognized as a major contributor to the dysfunction of an aging brain and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD (Pluta, 2019).