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二语习得中,辨听是学习者入门期的重要内容,更是日后深入学习的基础所在。于教于学,有效把握初学者的辨听偏误实态均具有不容忽视的意义。本文收集同批对象自入门阶段(2014.12)至N3水平阶段(2015.12)的15次共计8100例课外单词听写数据,对其中偏误实态进行了探讨,发现:初学者存在子音、浊音半浊音、长音、拗音等辨听偏误,其中子音、浊音半浊音、长音的偏误率较高;随着学习时间增长,辨听偏误总量大幅减少,多数偏误类型的比率下降,长音、促音、拗音的比率提高;初级学习中期辨听实态变化剧烈,后期较中期出现偏误率及总量等上升。研究推测初学者辨听偏误的变化与学习时间的长短有关;同时分析偏误出现的主要原因为:1.初学者对于日语语音特征及规则不熟悉;2.初学者受母语影响大,以汉语发音对应日语语音;3.初学者学力水平有限,听力训练匮乏。
In second language acquisition, listening is an important part of the entry period for learners, and it is the foundation for further study in the future. In teaching and learning, effectively grasping the beginner’s real listening and listening biases can not be ignored. This article collects 15 times of 8100 cases of extracurricular word dictation from the introductory stage (2014.12) to the N3 level stage (2015.12) of the same batch of subjects, and discusses the actuality of the biases. It is found that the beginners have consonants and voiced semi-voiced sounds. The long-sounding, arpeggio, etc. hearing errors, including the consonants, voiced semi-voiced sound, long tone, the higher the rate of error; with the increase in learning time, the total amount of hearing errors significantly reduced, the rate of most types of bias decline, long The ratio of sounds, voicing, and arpeggios increased; the actual state of listening in the middle period of primary learning changed drastically, and the rate of error and the total amount increased in the later period compared with the middle period. The study hypothesizes that the change of beginners’ listening errors is related to the length of learning time. At the same time, the main reasons for the analysis of errors are: 1. Beginners are not familiar with the characteristics and rules of Japanese phonetics; 2. Beginners are strongly influenced by their native language. Chinese pronunciation corresponds to Japanese pronunciation; 3. Beginners have limited academic ability and lack of listening training.