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入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。(新编初中语文第五册《孟子二章》) 其中“拂士”,课本注释为:“足以辅佐君主的贤士。拂,同‘弼’,辅弼。”此注欠妥。 杨伯峻《孟子译注》、王力《古代汉语·常用词》、《辞海》皆训“拂士”之“拂”通“弼”,义为辅佐、辅弼。而《辞源》“拂土”条注云:“能够直谏矫正君主过失的人。拂通弼。”并以此句为书证。比较以上二说,愚以为《辞源》的解释更为妥帖。其理由如次:
Into the country can not be home-foo, out of invincible foreign patients, the country constant death. (New junior high school language fifth volume, “Mencius two chapters”) which “blowing disabilities” textbook notes: “enough to assist the monarch's magi. Whisk, with the 'Bute', auxiliary Bute. Yang Bojun ”Mencius Annotations“, Wang Li ”Ancient Chinese commonly used words“, ”Cihai“ are training ”Fushi“ of the ”whisk“ through ”Bute“, justice as a secondary assistant. And ”Ci Yuan“ ”blowing the earth“ Article notes cloud: ”can advise the correction monarch negligence person. Fu Tong Bute.“ And the sentence as a documentary evidence. Comparing the above two, stupid thought that ”Ci Yuan" explanation is more appropriate. The reason is as follows: