肺由于接触环境中有害因素如烟雾、有机和无机粉尘等容易遭受损伤。这些微粒可以妨碍肺的防御机制,或通过免疫反应而导致肺部损害。此外血液中的抗原或免疫复合物沉积在肺毛细血管床时,也可导致肺部疾病。接尘工人更容易发生肺部损害,但潜伏期很长。宿主因子也影响吸入因子的作用。纤毛对吸入颗粒的清除和巨噬细胞的功能受遗传因素影响。此外,HLA(同种白细胞抗原)已经与某种职业 Lung damage due to exposure to harmful elements of the environment such as smoke, organic and inorganic dust. These particles can hinder the defense mechanisms of the lungs or cause lung damage through immune reactions. In addition, deposition of antigens or immune complexes in the blood in the pulmonary capillary bed can also lead to lung disease. Dust workers are more prone to lung damage, but the incubation period is very long. Host factors also affect the effects of inhalation factors. Cleavage of inhaled particles and the function of macrophages are influenced by genetic factors. In addition, HLA (allogeneic leukocyte antigen) has been associated with a profession