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目的分析和评价海南省疟疾联防机制对控制疟疾疫情的作用。方法通过收集1991～2010年海南省14个疟疾联防市县疟疾疫情报表、流动人口报表、血检登记表和疟疾监测资料,使用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分类和分析。结果海南省14个联防市县20年共报告疟疾病人94 314例,死亡34例,年平均发病率92.45/10万,年平均死亡率为0.03/10万,占全省疟疾发病病例的98.58%,占全省疟疾死亡病例的94.44%。疟疾发病从1991年的8 920例下降到2010年的74例,降幅为99.17%。海南省疟疾联防区本地居民发热病人血检3 319 846人次,检出疟疾阳性62 369例,阳性率为1.89%。流动人口发热病人血检643 468人次,检出疟疾阳性29 144例,阳性率为4.53%,流动人口疟疾病例占病例总数的31.85%,流动人口血检阳性率明显高于本地居民(χ2=16787.07,P<0.01)。结论海南省通过连续20年的疟疾联防,疟疾疫情得到有效控制,发病下降到历史最低水平。
Objective To analyze and evaluate the role of malaria prevention mechanism in Hainan Province in controlling malaria epidemic. Methods The malaria epidemic situation report, floating population report, blood test registration form and malaria surveillance data of 14 malaria-associated counties in Hainan Province from 1991 to 2010 were collected, and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used to classify and analyze the data. Results A total of 94 314 malaria cases were reported in 14 joint defense cities and counties in Hainan Province in 20 years, with 34 deaths and an average annual incidence of 92.45 / 100 000. The annual average death rate was 0.03 / 100,000, accounting for 98.58% of the total cases of malaria in the province. , Accounting for 94.44% of the deaths from malaria in the province. The incidence of malaria dropped from 8 920 in 1991 to 74 in 2010, a decline of 99.17%. Hainan Province, the malaria prevention zone of local residents fever patients blood test 3 319 846 passengers, detected 62 369 positive malaria cases, the positive rate was 1.89%. In the floating population, 643 468 blood tests were performed on fever patients, 29 144 were positive for malaria, and the positive rate was 4.53%. The number of malaria cases in floating population was 31.85% of the total cases, and the positive rate of blood tests in floating population was significantly higher than that of local residents (χ2 = 16787.07 , P <0.01). Conclusion Hainan Province has been effectively controlled by malaria in 20 consecutive years and the incidence has dropped to the lowest level in history.