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一、引言 海洋沉积物声学物理性质的研究,是近二、三十年间由于以下各方面的需要而迅速发展起来的。 (一)由于回声测深仪在航海和海洋调查中日益广泛的应用,不断有人尝试从回声测深记录中提取更多有用的信息,亦即希望遍及世界海洋底部的大量回声测深结果不仅提供单一的海洋水深读数,而且能附带地给出有关底质类型及其分布范围、海底浅层物质的结构和层理等资料。这对军事部门和海洋研究者将具有不可估量的价值。对回声测深记录曲线的灰度进行分析和判读,似乎能解决前一个要求,即确定底质的类型和分布。旁测声纳的发明和投入使用,更对这方面的探索研究给以新的有力推动。 (二)水声学特别是浅海水声设备作用距离的研究表明,在基本相同的水文条件下,不同底质的海区可能使传播条件出现重大差异,因而引起了水声学家们对海底沉积物声学物理特性的注意。实践表明,海底沉积物的性质对海洋中声的反射、散射和吸收等一系列特性都有重要的影响,水声学的许多问题不能脱离海底这个下部边界的条件而取得准确的解答。
I. INTRODUCTION The study of the acoustic physical properties of marine sediments has rapidly developed over the past two or three decades due to the following needs. (I) Due to the growing use of echo sounders in marine and oceanographic surveys, there has been an ongoing attempt to extract more useful information from echo sounding records, that is, the large number of echo sounder findings expected from the bottom of the world’s oceans not only provide A single ocean depth reading, along with information about the type and distribution of sediment, the structure and bedding of the sub-sea bottom material, can be attached. This will have immeasurable value for the military and marine researchers. The analysis and interpretation of the grayscale of the echo sounding record seems to solve the previous requirement of determining the type and distribution of sediment. On the other hand, the invention and commissioning of sonar are paramount and give new and powerful impetus to the exploration and research in this area. (II) Studies on the effect of water acoustics, especially the shallow seawater acoustic equipment, show that under basically the same hydrological conditions, sea areas with different sediments may cause significant differences in propagation conditions, which has caused acoustic acoustics on acoustic properties of seafloor sediments Physical characteristics of the attention. Practice shows that the nature of seafloor sediments has an important influence on a series of characteristics such as the reflection, scattering and absorption of sound in the ocean. Many problems of acoustic acoustics can not be solved accurately without departing from the lower boundary of the seafloor.