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目的探索初中生归因方式的城乡差异,为初中生心理健康干预措施的制定提供依据。方法随机选取厦门市城市与农村各3所初中,每所学校每个年级随机抽取2个班级,共1 476人进行儿童归因风格问卷调查。结果城市初中女生归因方式中普遍的好(PvG)比农村女生高,总体的坏(TB)、普遍的坏(PvB)及个别的坏(PsB)城市女生比农村女生低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。城市初中男生归因方式中PvB、TB、希望分数(HoB)比农村男生低,PvG比农村男生高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。农村初一学生归因方式中PsB,TB和PvB均高于城市(P值均<0.05);农村初二学生归因方式中PvB、TB高于城市(P<0.05),而PvG、总体的好(TG)低于城市(P<0.01或P<0.05);农村初三学生归因方式中永久的好(PmG)高于城市学生(P<0.01)。结论农村初中生比城市初中生悲观、自卑,相反城市初中生比农村初中生乐观、自信;农村初一、二年级学生比城市学生自卑,初三学生比城市学生乐观。
Objective To explore the differences between urban and rural areas of junior high school students’ attribution styles, and to provide the basis for making mental health interventions for junior high school students. Methods Three junior high schools in Xiamen city and rural areas were randomly selected. Two classes were randomly selected for each grade in each school. A total of 1 476 children were surveyed by questionnaire. Results Female students in urban junior high school were generally better (PvG) than rural girls, overall bad (TB), common bad (PvB) and individual bad (PsB) urban girls than rural girls, the differences were statistically Significance (P <0.05). The average score of PvB, TB, HoB in urban junior high school boys was lower than that in rural boys, and higher in PvG than in rural boys (P <0.05). PsB, TB and PvB were higher than those in city attribution (P <0.05), while PvB and TB in rural students were higher than those in urban attribution (P <0.05) Good (TG) was lower than that of city (P <0.01 or P <0.05). PmG was higher in rural at-home students than in urban students (P <0.01). Conclusions The junior middle school students in rural areas are more pessimistic and inferior in self-esteem than the junior high school students in urban areas. On the contrary, junior high school students in urban areas are more optimistic and confident than junior high school students in rural areas. The first and second year students in rural areas have lower self-esteem than urban students.