格莱斯发现在日常对话中说话者和听话者为了实现对话,往往会到受某些规则支配。对话双方的交流过程实际上是相互合作的过程。格莱斯将对话双方在交流过程中所遵循的这种共同的原则称为合作原则。然而,人们经常会打破这一原则。在小说《白象似得群山》中,主人公之间的对话大多违背了这一原则。在交流过程中违背各项准则能帮助对话双方有效地、委婉地实现交流目的。 Grice found that in everyday conversation, the speaker and hearer tend to be governed by certain rules in order to achieve the dialogue. The process of communication between the two sides of the dialogue is actually a process of mutual cooperation. Grice calls this common principle followed by both parties in the exchange process as the principle of cooperation. However, people often break this principle. In the novel “White elephant mountains”, most of the protagonist’s dialogue is contrary to this principle. Violating the norms in the communication process can help both parties to the dialogue effectively and tactfully achieve the purpose of communication.