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目前国内外大米市场所指的优质大米,并非指其营养成份(即蛋白质和各种氨基酸含量的高低),而是指它的商品品质,包括碾米品质(整粒米率、碎米率)、米粒外观、透明度、腹白心白大小、油分多少、蒸煮品质和食味品质等。出口优质粮的主要要求是:米质坚硬,米粒晶亮透明如玻璃状,无腹白,油质鲜明,米形尖细幼小,颗粒均匀,整齐美观。国际水稻研究所自推广IR8(科六)发现其米质太差和抗病性不好之后,便十分重视大米品质的鉴定和改良,以及抗病虫性的提高。目前该所的育种主要目标是:在高产和多抗的基础上,要求高的出米率和整粒精米率,半透明的中长至细长的米粒,中等直链淀粉含量,中等糊化温度以及软的胶稠度,并且要求蛋白质含量较高。
At present, the high-quality rice referred to by the rice market at home and abroad does not refer to the nutritional components (ie, the contents of proteins and various amino acids) but refers to the quality of its products, including rice quality (whole rice percentage and broken rice percentage) , Rice grain appearance, transparency, belly white heart size, how much oil, cooking quality and taste quality. The main requirements of the export of high quality food are: hard quality rice, rice crystal clear as glassy, no belly white, clear oil, rice-shaped sharp small, uniform particles, neat and beautiful. After the IRI (Section 6) was found to have poor quality of rice and poor disease resistance, the International Rice Research Institute (IRI) attached great importance to the identification and improvement of rice quality and the improvement of pest resistance. At present the breeding of the main objectives are: on the basis of high yield and multi-resistance, demanding high rate of rice and grain yield, translucent medium to slender rice, medium amylose content, medium gelatinization Temperature and soft gel consistency, and require higher protein content.