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目的识别、分析某镀双铬建设项目可能产生的职业病危害因素,为卫生行政部门审批建设项目提供科学依据。方法选择与建设项目生产工艺、生产规模、生产制度相似的企业作为类比企业,采用类比法、检查表法、定量分级法相结合的原则进行预评价。结果建设项目生产过程中可能产生或存在的主要职业病危害因素有三氧化铬(铬酐、铬酸)、氢氧化钠、硫酸、噪声等。类比企业检测结果显示,电镀工接触各种毒物的浓度均未超过职业接触限值;加药工接触铬酐CSTEL为1.659 mg/m3,超过职业接触限值;抛光工接触噪声8 h等效声级为86.6 dB(A),超过职业接触限值。类比企业职业健康检查结果显示,接触三氧化铬52人,检出尿铬增高1例,异常率2.0%;接触噪声37人听力检查异常3例,均为抛光工,检出率8.1%,说明噪声已经对类比企业工人的听力产生了损害,提示建设项目应重视噪声强度的监测和防护;项目选址、总体布局、设备布局、辅助用室、职业卫生管理、应急措施等基本符合国家有关规定;个别岗位职业病防护设施的设计有待改进。结论本项目属于职业病危害严重的建设项目,防护措施如能按报告的要求整改,从职业卫生角度是可行的。
Objective To identify and analyze the possible occupational hazards that may occur in a double chrome plating project and provide a scientific basis for the approval of construction projects by the health administrative departments. Method Selection And construction projects production technology, production scale, production system similar enterprises as analogy, the use of analogy, checklist method, quantitative classification method of combining the principle of pre-evaluation. Results The main occupational hazards that may occur or exist in the production process of the project are chromic oxide (chromic anhydride, chromic acid), sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, noise and so on. Analogy test results showed that the concentration of electroplating workers exposed to various toxic substances did not exceed the occupational exposure limit; addicted to contact with chromic anhydride CSTEL 1.659 mg / m3, exceeding the occupational exposure limits; Polisher contact noise 8 h equivalent sound Grade 86.6 dB (A), exceeding occupational exposure limits. Occupational health examination results of analogy enterprises showed that in contact with chromium trioxide, 52 people were detected, one case of increased urinary chromium was detected, and the abnormal rate was 2.0%. There were 3 cases of 37 cases of contact noise and hearing abnormalities, both of whom were buffors with a detection rate of 8.1% Noise has caused some damage to analog workers’ hearing, suggesting that construction projects should pay attention to the monitoring and protection of noise intensity. The project site selection, overall layout, equipment layout, auxiliary rooms, occupational health management and emergency measures basically meet the requirements of relevant state regulations ; Individual post occupational disease protection facilities designed to be improved. Conclusion This project belongs to the construction projects with serious occupational hazards. If the protective measures can be rectified according to the requirements of the report, it is feasible from an occupational health perspective.