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在当代心灵哲学中,突现论是否是物理主义一直以来都是一个备受争议的问题。突现论认为,高阶突现属性既依赖于低阶属性,同时又具有自主性。尽管突现论一直以来都自恃和二元论划清界限,且不同于还原物理主义,这样一种折中的立场,使其成为一把“双刃剑”。一方面人们把突现论归结为一种非还原物理主义,另一方面人们又认为其是一种不同于笛卡尔式的属性二元论。通过对突现论的依赖性和自主性这一对概念重新进行梳理,能够证明突现论不论如何否认二元论而强调是一种物理主义,属性二元论依旧是其逻辑终点。
Whether modernism is physicalism has always been a controversial issue in contemporary philosophy of mind. Epistemology holds that higher order emergent attributes depend on both lower order attributes and autonomy. Although emergentism has always been presumptuous and binary theory draw the line, and unlike the reduction of physicalism, such a compromise position, making it a “double-edged sword.” On the one hand, people reduce the epistemology to non-reductive physicalism, and on the other hand, they consider it a kind of attribute dualism that is different from Cartesian. By reexplaining the concept of dependence and autonomy of emergent theory, we can prove that emergent theory emphasizes that it is a kind of physicalism no matter how to deny dualism, and attribute dualism is still its logical end.