一、前言 红壤坡地在我国长江以南占有很大面积,因而合理利用红壤坡地是一个十分重要的问题。就广东省而言,已开垦利用的红壤坡地据1958年的调查统计有867万亩,尚未开垦而又可以开垦的约有10,625万亩,这些坡地不论已开垦的或尚未开垦的均以海南、湛江二地区为最多,其次韶关专区也有大面积的分布。关于红壤坡地的利用在群众中已有丰富的成功经验,如湛江、汕头、高要、佛山等地区红壤坡地出现了甘蔗亩产10,000斤,甘薯亩产10,000斤的高产记录。因而总结这些地区的成功经验,并加以推广是很重要的。但也有某些地区对于红壤坡地利用不很合理,作物产量不仅不很高,并且土壤肥力还有下降的趋势。究其原因,主要是红壤坡地的熟化、水土保持、合理安排作物的茬口等存在问题。 土堆熟化是合理耕作利用的结果。合理利用红壤坡地可以不断使作物产量和土壤肥力提高,不合理的耕作或不注意红壤坡地的水土保持,作物茬口的安排, I. Introduction Red soil slopes occupy a large area south of the Yangtze River in our country. Therefore, rational use of red soil slopes is a very important issue. In terms of Guangdong Province, red-grass slopes that have been reclaimed and utilized have a total of 8.67 million mu according to the survey in 1958. About 106.25 million mu have yet to be reclaimed and can be reclaimed. These slopes, both cultivated and uncultivated, Zhanjiang two areas for the most, followed by Shaoguan area also has a large area of ​​distribution. About red soil slope utilization has rich experience in the masses, such as Zhanjiang, Shantou, Gaoyao, Foshan and other areas of red slope appeared sugarcane mu yield of 10,000 kg, 10,000 kg of sweet potato yield record. It is therefore important to summarize and promote the successful experiences in these regions. However, in some areas, the utilization of red soil is not very reasonable, the crop yield is not only very high, but also the soil fertility tends to decrease. The reason is mainly that there are problems in the red soil slope maturing, soil and water conservation, reasonably arranging crop stubble and so on. Mound maturation is the result of rational farming and utilization. Rational use of red soil slopes can continue to increase crop yield and soil fertility, irrational farming or pay no attention to soil and water conservation in red soil slopes, crop stubble arrangement,