采用通径分析方法分析了陇东塬区玉米产量构成因素中单株籽粒重、百粒重、果穗长、双穗率与光、热、水三要素的关系。结果表明:单株籽粒重和果穗长共同对产量的贡献最大,决定系数为0.3052;其次是单株籽粒重,决定系数为0.2538;果穗长位居第三,决定系数为0.2114。不同发育期各气象因子对单株籽粒重和果穗长影响不同,降水和平均气温在抽雄以前对果穗长和单株籽粒重贡献的直接效应最大;≥10℃积温在播种-拔节期通过平均气温和日照时数对果穗长的贡献以间接效应为主,在拔节-抽雄期对果穗长和单株籽粒重贡献以直接效应为主;日照时数在播种-拔节期对果穗长的影响以直接效应为主,在拔节-抽雄期对果穗长和单株籽粒重的贡献以间接效应为主;抽雄-成熟期各气象要素对果穗长和单株籽粒重影响较小。气象因子对产量构成因素影响主要是在苗期和穗期,灌浆期对其影响明显下降,因此重视田间管理和合理密植等非气象因子也是获取高产的关键。 The path analysis method was used to analyze the relationship among the three factors of grain weight per plant, 100-grain weight, ear length, double ear percentage and the elements of maize yield in the east of Gansu Province. The results showed that single grain weight and ear length contributed the most to the yield, with the determination coefficient of 0.3052; followed by the grain weight of single plant with the determination coefficient of 0.2538; the ear length was the third with the determination coefficient of 0.2114. The meteorological factors at different developmental stages had different effects on the grain weight per plant and the ear length. The direct effects of precipitation and average air temperature on the ear length and grain weight per plant were greatest before the tasselling. The accumulated temperature≥10 ℃ was higher at the sowing-jointing stage And sunshine hours on ear length were mainly indirect effects, and direct effects were mainly on ear length and grain weight per plant at jointing-tasseling stage. The effects of sunshine duration on ear length at sowing-jointing stage were direct The main effects were indirect effects on ear length and grain weight per plant at jointing-tasseling stage. The meteorological elements at tasseling-maturity had little effect on ear length and grain weight per plant. The impact of meteorological factors on yield components is mainly at the seedling stage and the panicle stage, and the impact on grain yield during the grain filling stage is significantly reduced. Therefore, emphasis on field management and close planting is also the key to high yield.