基于政府作为社会管理主体对公共事务的介入程度,可以将社会管理模式分为三种:政府一维单向度的管理模式、政府与社会多元主体的合作治理模式、社会自治模式,其中,社会自治模式又可分为他组织主体治理与自主组织治理两种次生模式。三种治理模式各具特点和优势,都有自己适合和无助的公共问题情景。自主组织因其主体间的民主化、平等性及利益共同体的性质,在类似于“公共池塘”的利益共攸社会公共问题的治理上有着其独特的价值。同时,也因自主组织权威的非法定性、主体利益的分散性,以及对于公共问题的可治性等原因,在其构建及运作过程中还存在着诸多的困境。 Based on the extent to which the government is involved in public affairs as the main body of social management, the government can classify the social management models into three types: the government’s one-dimensional and one-dimensional management model, the cooperative governance model and the social autonomy model between the government and the pluralistic society. Among them, The autonomy model can be divided into two kinds of secondary modes: the organization governance and the self-organized governance. Each of the three governance models has its own characteristics and advantages, and all have their own suitable and helpless public problem scenarios. Owing to its democratization, equality and the community of interests, autonomous organizations have their unique value in governing common public interest issues such as public ponds. At the same time, there are still many difficulties in the process of its construction and operation because of the illegitimacy of the authority of independent organizations, the decentralization of the interests of the main body, and the manageability of public issues.