论文部分内容阅读
鄂伦春民族,与黑河其他各民族一样,在清代以前没有学校,在本民族中多采用口耳相传方式进行教育.他们世居黑龙江流域内外大小兴安岭广袤深山密林一带,过着“居无定室、衣皮食肉”的游猎生活.清康熙年间,鄂伦春民族的教育才有了文字记载.1683年(清康熙二十二年),为了巩固北部边防,抵御外敌侵略,清政府决定利用“骑马使枪习成特技”的鄂伦春族武装力量,根据黑龙江将军萨布素的奏请,收抚鄂伦春诸部并正式编入布特哈八旗(位于今嫩江与爱辉之间).从此鄂伦春民族同黑河区域内各族人民一道加入到抗击沙俄捍卫国土的斗争行列.与此同时,鄂伦春民族也已经有了同其他各族人民一样接受学校教育的权利.1695年(清康熙三十四年),根据黑龙江将军萨布素的奏准,在墨尔根(今嫩江县)两翼地方各设一所满官学,设学官一员.同时规定,包括鄂伦春族在内的“新满洲诸佐领之下,每岁进幼童一名,教习书义”.①1744年(清乾隆九年)黑龙江城(今爱辉镇)始设满官学一所,包括鄂伦春族在内的“八旗子弟愿入学者,由各旗协领保送,习清文骑射”.②但鄂伦春儿童入学者甚少,尤其是“沿边各地及鄂伦春、打虎尔诸族,非惟悉汉文者百不得一,即稍识之,无能道汉语者,亦十无二三”.③1882年(清光绪八年),撤销布特哈总管衙门,在“东接黑龙江,西达墨尔根?
Oroqen ethnic groups, like all the other ethnic groups in Heihe, did not have schools before the Qing Dynasty and used many oral traditions to educate their ethnic groups. They live in the vast mountains and forests along the vast Xinguang Mountains inside and outside the Heilongjiang River Valley, , Qingyi Xi years, there is a written account of the education of the nation of Oroqen .. In 1683 (Qing Emperor Kangxi twenty-two years), in order to consolidate the northern frontier defense, against foreign aggression, the Qing government decided to use “horseback riding Make the gun practice stunts ”Oroqen armed forces, according to the generals of Heilongjiang Sambu strokes, Fu Fulunchunjun Department and formally incorporated Boutha Baqi (now Nenjiang and Aihui between.) Since then, Oroqen ethnic unity People of all nationalities in Heihe joined in the struggle against tsarist Russia defending their land and at the same time the Oroqen people also had the same right to school education as other people of all ethnic groups. In 1695 (thirty-four years of the Qing Emperor Kangxi) According to the generals of Heilongjiang General Sambu, each of the two wings in the area of Merlin (now Nenjiang) has a full-service official and an academic officer, and at the same time stipulates that “the new full Under the leadership of Zhu Zuoxing, every year into a young child, teaching books. ”① 1744 (Qing Emperor Qianlong nine years) Heilongjiang city (now Aihui town) set up full government official, including the Oroqen, The children are willing to be admitted to school and are escorted by the flag associations to take care of themselves and ride clear text. “2 However, there are few children admitted to Oroqen, especially” Hundreds and Talents of Ehime Spring, That is, a little knowledge of those who are incapable of speaking Chinese, but also no two or three. “③ 1882 (Qing Emperor Guangxu eight years), withdraw Boutha chief Yamen, in the” east of Heilongjiang, west of Melbourne?