耐热钢与耐热合金在各种能源中的广泛应用,是二十世纪尤其是后半世纪的特点。而金属材料在这一阶段的发展成绩,正是由于航空和宇航技术的成就、燃气轮机这类新能源的出现、以及新型的、经济的和高效能的装置中所实现的新的化学过程——天然气的转化等等促使的结果。在最近十年内,人类将借助于高温反应来获得所需要的能量。而天然资源利用的效果(设备效率)如何,则将在相当大的程度上取决于耐热材料的发展水平。苏联的科学,也即是金属学、金属物理学为耐热钢与耐热合金的发展作出了重大贡 Heat-resistant steels and heat-resistant alloys are widely used in a variety of energy sources and are characteristic of the twentieth century, especially the second half of the century. The development of metallic materials at this stage is due to the achievements of aeronautic and astronautic technologies, the emergence of new energy sources such as gas turbines, and new chemical processes implemented in new, economical and high-performance devices - The conversion of natural gas and so on. In the last decade, humans will rely on high-temperature reactions to get the energy they need. The effect of natural resource utilization (equipment efficiency) will depend to a large extent on the level of development of heat-resistant materials. Soviet science, also known as metallography, made a significant tribute to the development of heat-resistant steels and heat-resistant alloys