地球表面处于运动的状态。到处产生垂直和水平位移。在世界上大部分山区,已经观测到每年约几毫米的垂直运动。的确,这种数量级的位移对于消除侵蚀作用是必要的。根据河流流域侵蚀下降解释主河道上沉积物运移的测量结果,也得出同样的量级。这就意味着现代的地表形态受到对抗性原理的影响(Scheid-egger,1979):内力常会加剧地形起伏,而外力则会使起伏变得平缓。我们今天看到的地 The surface of the earth is in motion. Vertical and horizontal displacements are generated everywhere. In most parts of the world, vertical movements of about several millimeters have been observed each year. Indeed, this order of magnitude of displacement is necessary to eliminate erosion. The same order of magnitude is also derived from the measurement of sediment transport in the main channel, which is explained by the decline of erosion in the river basin. This means that the modern surface morphology is influenced by the principle of confrontation (Scheid-Egger, 1979): internal forces often aggravate the relief of the terrain, while external forces cause fluctuations. The place we see today