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大脑两半球在语言发育过程中所起的作用一直是科学家们探讨的问题。1861年Broca把语言中枢定位于左侧额叶下回。但几年后有人发现,婴儿期左半球语言中枢损伤并不妨碍成年后的语言功能。而后,又观察到儿童的交叉性失语(右半球损伤伴失语)远比成人多,从而提出了语言发育成熟单侧化学说:(1)语言功能在初始阶段是双侧的。(2)在发育过程中逐渐局限于一侧(一般是左侧),另一侧则处于发育不全状态。但最近通过婴儿激醒实验、新生儿脑部尸解、颈动脉注射戊巴比妥钠等项研究所得到的资料,却更加支持发育固定选择学说。
The role of the two halves of the brain in the process of language development has always been a question for scientists. Broca locates the linguistic center in 1861 under the left frontal lobe. But a few years later it was discovered that the loss of the central nervous system in the left hemisphere of infancy did not prevent the adult language function. Later, it was observed that children had more crossover aphasia (right hemisphere lesion with aphasia) than adults, and thus proposed a one-sided chemical theory of language development: (1) The language function is bilateral in the initial stage. (2) Gradually confined to one side (usually the left side) during development, while the other side is in an underdeveloped state. However, recent research on infant wake-up experiments, neonatal brain autopsies, and carotid arterial sodium pentobarbitol support the development of fixed choice theory.