一、图书馆及其职能的发展图书馆有着悠久的发展历史。图书馆在不同的历史发展阶段上,其自身的性质与担负的社会使命是不同的。图书馆的类型由简单到复杂,层次由低级到高级,图书馆的职能也由一种职能发展为多种职能。1.保存文化遗产阶段文献是人类社会知识的记录,也是知识交流的重要工具。早在夏朝,国家便设有“执图法”的史官,周代即有专门管理典籍之“盟府”(也叫“故府”)。此即原始图书馆。据《史记》载,春秋时代老子作过“柱下史”,即早期国家图书馆馆长,管理着 First, the development of libraries and their functions Libraries have a long history of development. At different stages of historical development, libraries are different in their nature and social mission. Library types from simple to complex, from low to high level, the library functions from one function to a variety of functions. 1. Preservation of cultural heritage literature is a record of human society, but also an important tool for knowledge exchange. As early as the Xia Dynasty, the state set up a historian with the “Executing Law,” which was called the “Capital House” (also called the “Forbidden City”) of the Zhou Dynasty. This is the original library. According to “Historical Records” contains, Spring and Autumn Period Lao Tzu made “column history”, that is, the early National Library Curator, management