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通过22年长期定位试验,研究了红壤性水稻土有机质的含量及其结合形态在3种稻作制、3种有机肥施用水平及2种地下水位深度条件下的长期演变规律,结果表明:红壤旱土改水田后,土壤有机质含量逐渐增加,各处理平均增长15.2gkg-1,增长率达98.9%。不同稻作制间,以稻—稻—冬泡处理土壤有机质增长幅度最大,21年共增加了18.0gkg-1,增长率达116.9%;稻—稻—冬绿处理次之,共分别增长15.8gkg-1和102.6%;稻—稻—冬油处理最低,仅分别增长11.9g kg-1和77.3%。不同有机肥施用水平间,以高量有机肥处理土壤有机质增长最快,21年共增加了17.9gkg-1,增长率为116.2%;常量有机肥处理次之,共分别增加16.1gkg-1和104.5%;化肥处理最低,共分别增加11.8gkg-1和76.6%。不同地下水位深度对土壤有机质积累的影响不显著。土壤腐殖质结合形态以紧结态为主,占腐殖质总量的50～70%,松结态腐殖质次之,占20～40%,稳结态腐殖质最少,仅5～11%。冬种处理土壤腐殖质的松/紧比大于冬泡处理。施用有机肥料能提高土壤腐殖质的松/紧比。
Through long-term experiment of 22 years, the long-term evolution of organic matter content and its combination forms in red paddy soil under three kinds of rice cropping system, three kinds of organic fertilizer application and two kinds of groundwater table depth conditions were studied. The results showed that: After the dry land was converted into paddy field, the content of soil organic matter increased gradually, and the average growth rate of each treatment was 15.2gkg-1, with a growth rate of 98.9%. The growth of organic matter in paddy-rice-winterbush treated by different rice-growing systems was the largest, increasing by 18.0gkg-1 in 21 years with a growth rate of 116.9%, followed by rice-paddy-wintergreen treatment by 15.8 gkg-1 and 102.6% respectively. Rice-rice-winter oil had the lowest treatment, only increasing by 11.9g kg-1 and 77.3% respectively. Under the different organic fertilizer application levels, the organic matter content of the soil treated with high amount of organic fertilizer had the fastest growth, increasing by 17.9gkg-1 in 21 years with a growth rate of 116.2%; followed by organic manure with a total amount of 16.1gkg-1 and 104.5%; the lowest fertilizer treatment, a total increase of 11.8gkg-1 and 76.6%. The effect of different depth of groundwater on the accumulation of soil organic matter was not significant. The soil humus-bound forms are mainly tight knots, accounting for 50-70% of the total humus content, followed by 20-40% of the loosely knotted humus, and only 5-11% of the steady-state humus. The winter / summer lotus soil humus pine / tight ratio is greater than the winter bubble treatment. Application of organic fertilizer can increase soil loose / loose humus.