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目的 研究眶外侧锁孔人路颅内段视神经、视交叉的供血特点及手术意义.方法 15例(30侧)福尔马林固定的成人尸体头颅标本模拟眶外侧锁孔开颅,手术显微镜下观察供应颅内段视神经、视交叉的穿支血管的起源、数量和分布特征,并测量相关数据.结果 经眶外侧锁孔入路观察,视神经、视交叉上方的穿支血管平均5.2支,其中起源于前交通动脉的(0-2支)占视神经、视交叉上方穿支总数的16.7％,起源于大脑前动脉A1段的(1-4支)占83.3％;颈内动脉床突上段(C2段)每侧发出1-3支不等的穿支血管供应视交叉侧方,平均每侧1.7支,属于视交叉侧方的专线动脉;垂体上动脉可发出2-3级穿支血管供应视神经、视交叉的下前方.结论 熟悉供应颅内段视神经、视交叉穿支血管的解剖学特点,注重眶外侧锁孔手术治疗鞍区疾病时加以保护,对于减少视觉传导通路的损伤具有重要的临床意义.“,”Objective to study the characteristics of blood supply and surgical significance of the intracranial optic nerve(ON) and optic chiasma(OC) via the lateral orbital keyhole approach.Methods 15 cases(30 sides) formalin perfused adult cadavers were simulated by lateral orbital keyhole craniotomy,surgical microscope was used to observe the supplies of intracranial segment of ON and OC perforating vessels,including the origin,quantity,distribution and measurement.Results At the lateral orbital keyhole view,there are averagely 5.2 branches of perforating vessels above ON and OC.Among them,16.7％ of the total number of perforating vessels above the ON and OC originated from the anterior communicating artery (ACOA,0-2 branches),83.3％ originated from A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA1,1-4 branches).There are 1-3 unequal perforating vessels supplying each side of the superior segment of the anterior clinoid process of the internal carotid artery (ICA,C2 segment),with an average of 1.7 branches of particular vessels to supply the side of OC.The superior hypophyseal artery(SHA) sends 2-3 grades of perforating vessels to supply the inferior anterior ON and OC.Conclusion The present results have an important clinical significance for reducing visual pathway injury.