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目前国内对契约文书的研究,主要集中在对安徽、福建、贵州、浙江、两广及华北等地契约文书的研究,而对江苏地区契约文书的研究比较少。本文以文物普查时发现的民国时期太仓地区的一百件田契文物为研究对象,总结了当时太仓地区田契的书写形式,结合当时的社会背景对这批田契的内容进行深入分析,发现当时太仓地区社会动荡、自然灾害频发,在此背景下农民因生活困难而频繁卖地,导致地权不断由农民向几个大地主转移。此外,本文还分析了这批田契之间的连贯性、民国时期太仓地区地契契税的税率,以及土地买卖的性质问题。
At present, the research on contract instruments in China mainly focuses on the study of contract instruments in Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and Northern China. However, there are few studies on the contract instruments in Jiangsu. In this paper, a hundred pieces of tianchi relics in the Taicang area during the period of the Republic of China were collected for the study, and the writing forms of the tianches in the Taicang area were summarized. Based on the social background at that time, the contents of these tenances were deeply analyzed. At that time, social unrest in Taicang region was frequent and natural disasters were frequent. Under this background, peasants frequently sold land due to difficult living conditions, resulting in the continuous transfer of land rights from peasants to several landowners. In addition, the article also analyzes the cohesion between these tenants, the tax rate of deed tax in Taicang during the Republic of China, and the nature of the land sale and purchase.